Anchor Summary
In this anchor, the objectives are mainly focused on the plasma membrane of our cells and how it allows us to maintain homeostasis. The plasma membrane of our cells provide us with structure, but more importantly it helps us by regulating what is able to enter/exit the cells. This is important because it takes in materials needed for the cell to properly function while expelling unneeded waste. This is done by either passive transport where no energy is required or active where energy is excreted. Of course the plasma membrane is unable to carry out such tasks alone and works in sync with the organelles within the cell. The function of the cell allows the organism to maintain homeostasis or a stable internal environment. Homeostasis includes thermoregulation, osmoregulation, blood glucose levels and so on. Overall this anchor will be testing you on how the plasma membrane’s structure affects its function. The role of membrane-bound cellular organelles and how they assist in facilitating the transport of materials within a cell. You will also need to understand the different types of transport and how organisms are able to maintain homeostasis.
Objectives- Identify and describe the cell structures involved in transport of materials into, out of, and throughout a cell.
- Explain mechanisms that permit organisms to maintain biological balance between their internal and external environments. |
Essential QuestionsHow does the structure of a cell affect its function?
How does the organelles work together to maintain a biological balance between their internal and external environment? |
Important Notes
Key Terms
Active transport - the movement of particles from an area of low concentration across a membrane to an area of high concentration, using ATP as an energy source to build up a contraction.
Cell - The basic unit of life.
Concentration - The amount if a substance, the solute, dissolved in a given volume of water or another substance, the solvent.
Diffusion - The movement of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient until it reaches equilibrium.
Endocytosis - The process by which extracellular materials are taken into the cell by forming a membrane vesicle around it.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - A membrane-bound organelle that produces and transports materials for use inside and outside a eukaryotic cell. Rough ER has a ribosome and is involved in the production of proteins; smooth ER has no ribosome and is involved in the production of lipids and hormones.
Exocytosis - The process by which substances are released from the cell into the extracellular environment via a vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
Facilitated diffusion - The transport of substances across the plasma membrane with the assistance of transport proteins; does not require energy.
Golgi apparatus - An organelle in eukaryotic cells that process materials for release from the cell.
Homeostasis - The process of maintaining a stable internal environment.
Impermeable - Not allowing the passage of a substance.
Lipids - Organic compounds of carbon and hydrogen and relatively little oxygen that are insoluble in water.
Macromolecules - Large, complex molecules made of chain of smaller molecules; includes lipids, carbohydrates proteins and nucleic acids.
Organelle - A specialized part of a cell with a specific function.
Organism - An individual living thing, such as an animal, plant, fungi, protist, or bacteria.
Osmosis - The movement of water from an are of higher water concentration through a permeable membrane to an area of lower water concentration; a form of passive transport .
Passive transport - The movement of a substance across the plasma membrane without any input of energy.
Plasma membrane - A phospholipid bilayer that encloses a cell to separate it from its environment and controls the passage if materials into and out of the cell.
Protein - A macromolecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that performs structural and regulatory functions for the cells.
Ribosome - A cellular organelle made of proteins and RNA where protein synthesis takes place.
System - A set of components that interact to produce something greater than the sum of its parts.
Tissue - An anatomical structure made of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Transport proteins - A protein in the plasma membrane that is involved in the movement of molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
To better study these terms you can use: https://quizlet.com/membranematt
*** DISCLAIMER quizlet study sets were created by membranematt
Cell - The basic unit of life.
Concentration - The amount if a substance, the solute, dissolved in a given volume of water or another substance, the solvent.
Diffusion - The movement of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient until it reaches equilibrium.
Endocytosis - The process by which extracellular materials are taken into the cell by forming a membrane vesicle around it.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - A membrane-bound organelle that produces and transports materials for use inside and outside a eukaryotic cell. Rough ER has a ribosome and is involved in the production of proteins; smooth ER has no ribosome and is involved in the production of lipids and hormones.
Exocytosis - The process by which substances are released from the cell into the extracellular environment via a vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
Facilitated diffusion - The transport of substances across the plasma membrane with the assistance of transport proteins; does not require energy.
Golgi apparatus - An organelle in eukaryotic cells that process materials for release from the cell.
Homeostasis - The process of maintaining a stable internal environment.
Impermeable - Not allowing the passage of a substance.
Lipids - Organic compounds of carbon and hydrogen and relatively little oxygen that are insoluble in water.
Macromolecules - Large, complex molecules made of chain of smaller molecules; includes lipids, carbohydrates proteins and nucleic acids.
Organelle - A specialized part of a cell with a specific function.
Organism - An individual living thing, such as an animal, plant, fungi, protist, or bacteria.
Osmosis - The movement of water from an are of higher water concentration through a permeable membrane to an area of lower water concentration; a form of passive transport .
Passive transport - The movement of a substance across the plasma membrane without any input of energy.
Plasma membrane - A phospholipid bilayer that encloses a cell to separate it from its environment and controls the passage if materials into and out of the cell.
Protein - A macromolecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that performs structural and regulatory functions for the cells.
Ribosome - A cellular organelle made of proteins and RNA where protein synthesis takes place.
System - A set of components that interact to produce something greater than the sum of its parts.
Tissue - An anatomical structure made of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Transport proteins - A protein in the plasma membrane that is involved in the movement of molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
To better study these terms you can use: https://quizlet.com/membranematt
*** DISCLAIMER quizlet study sets were created by membranematt