Anchor Summary
In the anchor “Cell growth and Reproduction” you will need to have an understanding about the cell cycle and DNA. Cells are the basic components of life because the contain DNA which provides the genetic information to build proteins. All cells originate from a single cell, that grows and divides this process is called the cell cycle. The main stages of this cycle consist of interphase, nuclear division and cytokinesis. Nuclear division has 2 different process, one process is mitosis during this stage cells divide so that the organism can grow and repair damage cells, while meiosis allow the organism to reproduce. During meiosis there is a stage where the chromosomes ‘crossover’ this is what allows us to have genetic variation because homologous pairs swap some of their genetic information. For the cell process to happen DNA is constantly being copied or reproduced and sometimes even manipulated. Another thing to remember is that alleles are a type of gene, which are found in chromosomes that make up DNA strands. Children's inherited their their DNA from both parents, so even though they may look more like one parent they will never be 100% alike. This also explains why there will be no two people in the world that look alike.
Objectives- Describe the three stages of the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division, cytokinesis.
- Explain how genetic information is inherited. |
Essential QuestionsWhy do organisms need to undergo both mitosis and meiosis?
How do organisms inherit their genetic information? Why is it that there are no organism that is exactly alike? |
Important Notes
Key Terms
Allele - a version of a gene due to a variation in the nucleotide sequence.
Cell cycle - the stages of a cell's life leading to the division and duplication; interphase nuclear division cytokinesis.
Chromosome - a single piece of dna made up of genes.
Crossing-over - the exchange of genetic materials between homologous chromosomes in the meiosis I that results in unique sister chromatids.
Cytokinesis - the final stage in the cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA - the molecule that stores genetic information in living things.
DNA replication- the process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself.
Dominant - A type of inheritance that is expressed when only one allele eight or both allele shows the genotype; i.e homozygous or heterozygous genotype.
Frameshift mutation - the addition or deletion of one or more nucleotide that changes the order in which they are grouped into codons.
Gametes - specialized cells used in reproduction; sperm and egg cells.
Gene - a sequence of nucleotides on a stretch of DNA that contains information needed to make a protein.
Interphase- the longest stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows, replicate its dna, and prepares to divide.
Meiosis - the process of cell division that produces gametes.
Mitosis- the second stage of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is divided.
Ribosome - a cellular organelle made of protein and RNA where proteins synthesis takes place.
Transcription - the process in which the genetic information in dna is copied onto a strand of mRNA.
Translation - the process in which the instruction on the strand of mRNA is used to produce a protein.
To better study these terms you can use: https://quizlet.com/membranematt
*** DISCLAIMER quizlet study sets were created by membranematt
Cell cycle - the stages of a cell's life leading to the division and duplication; interphase nuclear division cytokinesis.
Chromosome - a single piece of dna made up of genes.
Crossing-over - the exchange of genetic materials between homologous chromosomes in the meiosis I that results in unique sister chromatids.
Cytokinesis - the final stage in the cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA - the molecule that stores genetic information in living things.
DNA replication- the process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself.
Dominant - A type of inheritance that is expressed when only one allele eight or both allele shows the genotype; i.e homozygous or heterozygous genotype.
Frameshift mutation - the addition or deletion of one or more nucleotide that changes the order in which they are grouped into codons.
Gametes - specialized cells used in reproduction; sperm and egg cells.
Gene - a sequence of nucleotides on a stretch of DNA that contains information needed to make a protein.
Interphase- the longest stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows, replicate its dna, and prepares to divide.
Meiosis - the process of cell division that produces gametes.
Mitosis- the second stage of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is divided.
Ribosome - a cellular organelle made of protein and RNA where proteins synthesis takes place.
Transcription - the process in which the genetic information in dna is copied onto a strand of mRNA.
Translation - the process in which the instruction on the strand of mRNA is used to produce a protein.
To better study these terms you can use: https://quizlet.com/membranematt
*** DISCLAIMER quizlet study sets were created by membranematt